选课中心
7099人选课
GMAT公开讲座
0元
GRE公开讲座
0元
一对一体验课
99元
GMAT模考网站
10000人
GRE模考网站
GMAT课程
GRE课程
托福辅导课程
【定制】1v1
私人订制
资料下载
考前冲刺
扫码添加助教
免费领取
备考资料大礼包
扫码关注公众号
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读新题:Passage 74练习题一文,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道!>>点击查看更多GMAT阅读
Passage 74
Agricultural progress provided the stimulus necessary to set off (set off: v.引起, 使爆发) economic expansion in medieval France. As long as those who worked the land were barely able to ensure their own subsistence (the minimum (as of food and shelter) necessary to support life) and that of their landlords, all other activities had to be minimal, but when food surpluses increased, it became possible to release more people for governmental, commercial, religious and cultural pursuits.
However, not all the funds from the agricultural surplus were actually available for commercial investment. Much of the surplus, in the form of food increases, probably went to raise the subsistence level; an additional amount, in the form of currency gained from the sale of food, went into the royal treasury to be used in waging war. Although Louis VII of France levied a less crushing tax burden on his subjects than did England’s Henry II, Louis VII did spend great sums on an unsuccessful crusade, and his vassals—both lay and ecclesiastic—took over spending where their sovereign stopped. Surplus funds were claimed both by the Church and by feudal landholders, whereupon (1: on which; 2: closely following and in consequence of which) cathedrals and castles mushroomed throughout France.
The simultaneous progress of cathedral building and, for instance, vineyard expansion in Bordeaux (Bordeaux: n.波尔多葡萄酒) illustrates the very real competition for available capital between the Church and commercial interests; the former produced inestimable moral and artistic riches, but the latter had a stronger immediate impact upon gross national product. Moreover, though all wars by definition are defensive, the frequent crossings of armies that lived off (live off: v.住在...外, 靠...生活) the land and impartially burned all the huts and barns on their path consumed considerable resources.
Since demands on the agricultural surplus would have varied from year to year (from year to year: adv.年年), we cannot precisely calculate their impact on the commercial growth of medieval France. But we must bear that impact in mind when estimating the assets that were likely to have been available for investment. No doubt castle and cathedral building was not totally barren of profit (for the builders, that is), and it produced intangible dividends of material and moral satisfaction for the community. Even wars handed back (hand back: 退还) a fragment of what they took, at least to a few. Still, we cannot place on the same plane a primarily destructive activity and a constructive one, nor expect the same results from a new bell tower as from a new water mill (water mill: n.水磨, 水力磨粉机). Above all, medieval France had little room for investment over and above the preservation of life. Granted that war cost much less than it does today, that the Church rendered all sorts of educational and recreational services that were unobtainable elsewhere, and that government was far less demanding than is the modern state—nevertheless, for medieval men and women, supporting commercial development required considerable economic sacrifice.
1. According to the passage, agricultural revenues in excess of the amount needed for subsistence were used by medieval kings to
(A) patronize the arts
(B) sponsor public recreation
(C) wage war
(D) build cathedrals(C)
(E) fund public education
2. According to the passage, which of the following was an important source of revenue in medieval France?
(A) Cheese
(B) Wine
(C) Wool
(D) Olive oil(B)
(E) Veal
3. The passage suggests that which of the following would have reduced the assets immediately available for commercial investment in medieval France?
I. Renovation of a large cathedral
II. A sharp increase in the birth rate
III. An invasion of France by Henry II
(A) III only
(B) I and II only
(C) I and III only
(D) II and III only(E)
(E) I, II, and III
4. It can be inferred from the passage that more people could enter government and the Church in medieval France because
(A) the number of individual landholdings in heavily agricultural areas was beginning to increase
(B) an increase in the volume of international trade had brought an increase in the population of cities
(C) a decrease in warfare had allowed the king to decrease the size of the army
(D) food producers could grow more food than they and their families needed to survive(D)
(E) landlords were prospering and thus were demanding a smaller percentage of tenants’ annual yields
5. The author implies that the reason we cannot expect the same results from a new bell tower as from a new water mill is that
(A) bell towers yield an intangible dividend
(B) bell towers provide material satisfaction
(C) water mills cost more to build than bell towers
(D) water mills divert funds from commerce(A)
(E) water mills might well be destroyed by war
6. The author of the passage most probably bases his central argument on which of the following theoretical assumptions often made by economists?
(A) Different people should be taxed in proportion to the benefit they can expect to receive from public activity.
(B) Perfect competition exists only in the case where no farmer, merchant, or laborer controls a large enough share of the total market to influence market price.
(C) A population wealthy enough to cut back its rate of consumption can funnel the resulting savings into the creation of capital.
(D) A full-employment economy must always, to produce one good, give up producing another good.(C)
(E) There is a universal tendency for population, unless checked by food supply, to increase in a geometric progression.
7. The author suggests that commercial expansion in medieval France “required considerable economic sacrifice” (lines 59-60) primarily for which of the following reasons?
(A) Cathedrals cost more to build and rebuild than did castles.
(B) The numerous wars fought during the period left the royal treasury bankrupt.
(C) Louis VII levied a more crushing tax burden on his subjects than did Henry II.
(D) Although much of the available surplus had been diverted into vineyard expansion, the vineyards had not yet begun to produce.(E)
(E) Although more food was being produced, the subsistence level was not very far above the minimum required to sustain life.
8. The passage implies that which of the following yielded the lowest dividend to medieval men and women relative to its cost?
(A) Warfare
(B) Vineyard expansion
(C) Water mill construction
(D) Castle building(A)
(E) Cathedral building
9. Which of the following statements best expresses the central idea of the passage?
(A) Commercial growth in medieval France may be accurately computed by calculating the number of castles and cathedrals built during the period.
(B) Competition between the Church and the feudal aristocracy for funds created by agricultural surplus demonstrably slowed the economic growth of medieval France.
(C) Despite such burdens as war and capital expansion by landholders, commerce in medieval France expanded steadily as the agricultural surplus increased.
(D) Funds actually available for commerce in medieval France varied with the demands placed on the agricultural surplus.(D)
(E) The simultaneous progress of vineyard expansion and building in medieval France gives evidence of a rapidly expanding economy.
以上就是新东方在线GMAT频道为你带来的GMAT阅读新题练习题,更多精彩敬请关注新东方在线GMAT频道。
资料下载
新东方GMAT佛脚词汇1.0版本
发布时间:2023-06-30添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
新东方GMAT数学500题资料下载
发布时间:2023-05-26添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
新东方GMAT800题资料下载
发布时间:2022-05-21添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
1000句GMAT真实句子改错问题
发布时间:2022-04-17添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
2024杨鹏阅读难句(GMAT+GRE)教程
发布时间:2022-04-17添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
新东方GMAT数学500题(解析及答案)
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
新东方GMAT800题(逻辑+语法+阅读)
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
新东方GMAT佛脚词汇1.0版本
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GMAT词汇/长难句/语法资料大全
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GMAT语文考试圣经(Bible)电子版
发布时间:2019-11-27关注新东方在线美研订阅号
回复【GMAT】获取
GMAT推理圣经PDF电子版
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GMAT考试OG五个版本题号对照表
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
GMAT Ultimate Grammar电子书籍PDF
发布时间:2019-11-27添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加美研助教号,
回复【GMAT】获取备考必看资料包
推荐阅读
更多>>新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读复习的五大步骤,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 1:原来
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读背景的培养,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 一、经济学
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读复习效率不高怎么办,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 建
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读提高速度的根本方法,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 1
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读如何避免错误,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 要避免GMA
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读技巧的提升,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! GMAT阅读推
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读备考的注意事项,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! GMAT阅
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读怎么提高自己的能力,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 建
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读长句子的备考,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 1 首先
新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT阅读水平怎么提高,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道! 下面就来
资料下载
更多>>添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
关注新东方在线美研订阅号
回复【GMAT】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
添加新东方美研助教号
回复【资料】获取
阅读排行榜
相关内容