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GMAT考点知识:独立主格结构

2018-04-09 15:05:35来源:网络

  新东方在线GMAT频道为大家带来GMAT考点知识:独立主格结构,希望对大家GMAT备考有所帮助。更多精彩尽请关注新东方在线GMAT频道!

  独立主格结构是由两部分组成,前面是名词或代词,后面是短语。一般和前面主句有逗号隔开,放在句末。

  复习要点 :

  独立主格结构是一种特殊的修饰成分,要注意识别独立主格结构的形式,并掌握修饰的规则。

  GMAT 中常考的独立主格结构有 3 种,分别如下:

  1. with 引导的独立主格结构

  形式 :

  with+n+短语(介词短语/分词短语等)

  用法 :

  和前面某跟名词(可近可远)构成合理语义,和动作的紧密型不强。

  eg: He sits in the chair, with a book in his hand.

  OG 例题:

  Visitors to the park have often looked up into the leafy canopy and saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang like socks on a clothesline.

  A.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs hang

  B.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs were hanging

  C.saw monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

  D.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, with arms and legs hanging

  E.seen monkeys sleeping on the branches, whose arms and legs have hung

  解析:with 引导的独立主格结构,跟前面句中的 monkey 构成合理语义,作伴随状语。

  2. each 引导的独立主格结构

  形式 :

  句子+复数名词结尾,each+介词短语/名词短语/分词短语用法:强调句尾的复数名词

  eg: Under the restructuring, the huge organization that operates the company's basic businesses will be divided into five groups, each with its own executive.

  例题:

  Dr. Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change its genes to fashion a seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at an invading microbe or foreign substance.

  A.seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each specifically targeted at

  B.seeming unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically to

  C.seeming unlimited number of antibodies, all specifically targeted at

  D.seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, all of them targeted specifically to

  E.seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at

  解析:each 指代的是句末的复数名词 antibodies.

  3. done 引导的独立主格结构

  用法 :此类独立主格结构是非限制性定语从句中,省略了引导词,因此是就近修饰名词。

  eg:I have 3 books, written by MOYAN.这句话是在 written 前省略了 which were,表达更简洁。

  例题:

  By 1940, the pilot Jacqueline Cochran held seventeen official national and international speed records, and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be of dangerously experimental design.

  A.and she earned them at a time when aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be

  B.earning them at a time that aviation was still so new for many of the planes she flew to be

  C.earning these at a time where aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

  D.earned at a time in which aviation was still so new such that many of the planes she flew were

  E.earned at a time when aviation was still so new that many of the planes she flew were

  解析:earned 放在句末,修饰的是就近名词 records.

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