GMAT逻辑评论练习5

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　　1. Reviewer：The book Art’s Decline argues that European painters today lack skills that were common among European painters of preceding centuries.In this the book must be right, since its analysis of 100 paintings，50 old and 50 contemporary, demonstrates convincingly that none of the contemporary paintings are executed as skillfully as the older paintings.

　　Which of the following points to the most serious logical flaw in the reviewer’s argument?

　　(A) The paintings chosen by the book’s author for analysis could be those that most support the book’s thesis.

　　(B) There could be criteria other than the technical skill of the artist by which to evaluate a painting.

　　(C) The title of the book could cause readers to accept the book’s thesis even before they read the analysis of the paintings that supports it.

　　(D) The particular methods currently used by European painters could require less artistic skill than do methods used by painters in other parts of the world.

　　(E) A reader who was not familiar with the language of art criticism might not be convinced by the book’s analysis of the 100 paintings.

　　2.A computer equipped with signature-recognition software, which restricts access to a computer to those people whose signatures are on file，identifies a person’s signature by analyzing not only the form of the signature but also such characteristics as pen pressure and signing speed.Even the most adept forgers cannot duplicate all of the characteristics the program analyzes.

　　Which of the following can be logically concluded from the passage above?

　　(A) The time it takes to record and analyze a signature makes the software impractical for everyday use.

　　(B) Computers equipped with the software will soon be installed In most banks.

　　(C) Nobody can gain access to a computer equipped with the software solely by virtue of skill at forging signatures.

　　(D) Signature-recognition software has taken many years to develop and perfect.

　　(E) In many cases even authorized users are denied legitimate access to computers equipped with the software.

　　3. Start—up companies financed by venture capitalists have a much lower failure rate than companies financed by other means Source of financing，therefore，must be a more important causative factor in the success of a start-up company than are such factors as the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur, the quality of strategic planning，or the management structure of the company.

　　Which of the following，if true，most seriously weakens the argument above?

　　(A) Venture capitalists tend to be more responsive than other sources of financing to changes in a start-up company’s financial needs.

　　(B) The strategic planning of a start-up company is a less important factor in the long-term success of the company than are the personal characteristics of the entrepreneur.

　　(C) More than half of all new companies fail within five years.

　　(D) The management structures of start-up companies are generally less formal than the management structures of ongoing businesses。

　　(E) Venture capitalists base their decisions to fund start.up companies on such factors as the characteristics of the entrepreneur and quality of strategic planning of the company.

　　Questions 22-23 are based on the following：

　　Half of the subjects in an experiment-the experimental group--consumed large quantities of a popular artificial sweetener.Afterward，this group showed lower cognitive abilities than did the other half of the subjects-the control group.who did not consume the sweetener.The detrimental effects were attributed to an amino acid that is one of the sweetener’s principal constituents.

　　22. Which of the following，if true，would best support the conclusion that some ingredient of the sweetener was responsible for the experimental results?

　　(A) Most consumers of the sweetener do not consume as much of it as the experimental group members did.

　　(B) The amino acid referred to in the conclusion is a component of all proteins，some of which must be consumed for adequate nutrition.

　　(C) The quantity of the sweetener consumed by individuals in the experimental group is considered safe by federal food regulators.

　　(D) The two groups of subjects were evenly matched with regard to cognitive abilities prior to the experiment.

　　(E) A second experiment in which subjects consumed large quantities of the sweetener lacked a control group of subjects who were not given the sweetener,

　　23. Which of the following，if true，would best help explain how the sweetener might produce the observed effect?

　　(A) The government’s analysis of the artificial sweetener determined that it was sold in relatively pure form.

　　(B) A high level of the amino acid In the blood inhibits the synthesis of a substance required for normal brain functioning.

　　(C) Because the sweetener is used primarily as a food additive，adverse reactions to it are rarely noticed by consumers.

　　(D) The amino acid that is a constituent of the sweetener is also sold separately as a dietary supplement.

　　(E) Subjects in the experiment did not know whether they were consuming the sweetener or a second，harmless substance。

　　24. In the arid land along the Colorado River, use of the river’s water supply is strictly controlled：farms along the river each have a limited allocation that they are allowed to use for irrigation.But the trees that grow in narrow strips along the river’s banks also use its water.Clearly, therefore，if farmers were to remove those trees，more water would be available for crop irrigation.

　　Which of the following，if true，most seriously weakens the argument?

　　(A) The trees along the river’s banks shelter it from the sun and wind，thereby greatly reducing the amount of water lost through evaporation.

　　(B) Owners of farms along the river will probably not undertake the expense of cutting down trees along the banks unless they are granted a greater allocation of water in return.

　　(C) Many of the tree species currently found along the river’s banks are specifically adapted to growing in places where tree roots remain constantly wet.

　　(D) The strip of land where trees grow along the river’s banks would not be suitable for growing crops if the trees were removed.

　　(E) The distribution of water allocations for irrigation is intended to prevent farms farther upstream from using water needed by farms farther downstream.

　　25. Near Chicago a newly built hydroponic spinach “factory,” a completely controlled environment for growing spinach，produces on 1 acre of f1oor space what it takes 100 acres of fields to produce. Expenses，especially for electricity, are high， however, and the spinach produced costs about four times as much as washed California field spinach，the spinach commonly sold throughout the United States.

　　Which of the following，if true，best supports a projection that the spinach—growing facility near Chicago will be profitable?

　　(A) Once the operators of the facility are experienced.they will be able to cut operating expenses by about 25 percent.

　　(B) There is virtually no scope for any further reduction in the cost per pound for California field spinach.

　　(C) Unlike washed field spinach，the hydroponically grown spinach is untainted by any pesticides or herbicides and thus will sell at exceptionally high prices to such customers as health food restaurants.

　　(D) Since spinach is a crop that ships relatively well，the market for the hydroponically grown spinach is no more limited to the Chicago area than the market for California field spinach is to California.

　　(E) A second hydroponic facility is being built in Canada，taking advantage of inexpensive electricity and high vegetable prices.

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