GMAT写作：740分考生总结的6分作文模板（三）

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　　结论有问题

　　False Dilemma 二者择一

　　The author assumes that A and B are mutually exclusive alternatives. However, the author provides no reason for imposing an either/or choice. Common sense and observation tells us that adjoining both A and B might produce better results. Moreover, if the author is wrong in the assumption that A and B are the only possible causes of the problem, thus the most effective solution might include a complex of other factor changes--such as C and D,to list a few.

　　分析有误

　　Cost-and-benefit Analysis利益增加忽略花费增加或相反

　　First, the author assumes that… This assumption fails to take into account cost increases and inefficiency that could result from…. For instance, company representatives would have to travel to do business in areas formerly served by a field office, creating travel costs and loss of critical time. In short, this assumption must be supported with a thorough cost-benefit analysis of centralization versus other possible cost-cutting and/or profit-enhancing strategies.

　　One-sidedness 极端

　　Only Advantages

　　The argument relies on an oversimplified reasoning that ignores the demerits brought by A .The author assumes that 优点 without sacrificing any other… In fact,A may have to 缺点1， 缺点2，all to offset the benefits associated with 优点. It may turn out that the disadvantages of A out weigh the advantages. Lacking a detailed analysis of the situation, the author’s claim cannot be taken seriously.

　　Only Disadvantages

　　The argument relies on an oversimplified reasoning that ignores the benefits brought by A .For example,…, all to compensate the costs associated with 缺点.It may turn out that the advantages of A out weigh the disadvantages. Lacking a detailed analysis of the situation, the author’s claim cannot be taken seriously.

　　Appeal to ignorance 忽略条件

　　The argument relies on/rests on/turns on the assumption that the 99 percent of Avia passengers who did not complain were happy with the airline’s baggage-handling procedures. However, the author provides no evidence to support this assumption. The fact that on the average, 9 out of 1000 passengers took the time and effort to formally complain indicates nothing about the experience or attitudes of the remaining 991. It is possible that many passengers were displeased but too busy to formally complain, while others had no opinions at all. Lacking more complete information about passengers’ attitudes, we cannot simply assume that the great majority of passengers who did not complain were happy.

　　the argument ignores/ omits (the assumption that) the absolute amount of retail expenditure of middle-aged and younger consumers devoted to department store products and services (...is/are the same). Although younger consumers spend a smaller percentage of their retail expenditure to department store products than do the middle-aged consumers, they might actually spend more in terms of the absolute amount.

　　Besides, the argument never addresses the population difference between middle-aged consumers and younger ones. Suppose there are more younger consumers than the middle-aged ones now, the total population base of younger consumers will be bigger than that of the middle-aged ones if both of them grow at the same rate in the next decade. Thus there will be a bigger younger consumer base. 人总数(If the business volume of the middle-aged consumers’ 39% is smaller than that of the younger consumers’ 25%, the retail sales will not increase during the next decade.)

　　Specious似是而非的 Statistics 数据模糊以致不足

　　The statistics are intended to support the main claim that…But these statistics are vague and oversimplified, thus may distort the state’s overall economic picture. For example,… Moreover,… Finally,…

　　1. State workers’ pay raises may have been minuscule极小的 and may not have kept up with cost of living or with pay for state workers in other states. Wage+

　　2. The 5000 new jobs may have been too few to bring state unemployment rates down significantly; at the same time, many jobs may have been lost. New jobs+

　　3. The poll indicates that six new corporations located in the state, but fails to indicate if any left. New corporations+ (此处用北美范文举例，3个非常典型的例子)

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