GMAT语法经典例题每日一练-100

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　　100. Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in

　　the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do

　　appear.

　　(A) Heavy commitment by an executive to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes it likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do

　　appear.

　　(B) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that worked well in the past, makes missing signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting ones likely when they

　　do appear.

　　(C) An executive who is heavily committed to a course of action is likely to miss or misinterpret signs of incipient trouble when they do appear, especially if it has worked well in the past.

　　(D) Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action, especially if it has worked well in the past, makes them likely to miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpreting them when they do appear.

　　(E) Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they

　　do appear.

　　思路：a course of action 行动/运行/执行过程

　　题目释义：Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that…, is likely to make…when they…

　　过于专注某个做法，特别是某个过去一直挺有效的做法，很可能会使主管发现不了初期的故障信号或者错误地理解他们当信号出现时。

　　A. commitment不如 being committed好，因为后面miss signs or misinterpret是动作，前面也是动作更加对称(大平行);;第一个it逻辑上指代a course ，由于a course of action是泛指，后面应该用One指代更为合适; 至于后一个it指代后面的不定式没有问题，it充当形式宾语，而实际宾语就是不定式to miss and too misinterpret;miss和misinterpret的行为者不清楚，至少要改为"makes it likely that the executive will miss... makes it

　　B. 句子表达的含义是“经理使得missing signs和misinterpreting ones more likely”，是谁missing signs和misinterpreting不清楚;第一个one就近指代a course of action没问题(相当于同位语，后接同位语从句);第二个ones指代的是signs，而不是signs of incipient trouble(one是核心词指代，且为泛指),ones 和they指代重复了，一个句子中不能出现两个代词指代同一个东西;missing，misinterpreting在这里是形容词，when they do appear的修饰对象错误，本应该作状语直接修饰misinterpret，现在却成了整个句子的时间状语修饰了makes， ;

　　C. : especially if it has worked well in the past 远离它修饰的course of action，使得it离所指的a course of action太远不好。有指代 executive 的倾向

　　D :Executives’ being heavily committed to a course of action是个笨拙的主语:

　　to miss和misinterpreting不平行;第一个them不能指代所有格的Executives’，并且后面的them ,they逻辑上指代signs,　跟第一个them逻辑又不一致，代词的重复使得 很混乱;指代不清时重复所需名词;

　　E: 正确Being强调是一个动作，gerund phrase做主语; being是可以充当主语的，只是在某些其他情况下being是个不好的形式.;正如doing sth.做主语一样，无需强调doing动作的发出者是什么主句主语或逻辑主语;especially one that...作为同位语，应该紧跟在action后面，才符合逻辑。由于a course of action是泛指，后面应该用One指代更为合适;has worked well in the past，in the past完成时和过去时都可以用，因为Past可以是过去的一瞬间。

　　Be committed to 致力于

　　总结：

　　1.Pronoun:最好不要去隔着一个句子指代;

　　2.句式结构“行为一”导致“行为二”也是一种大平行。

　　3.. 1) they, their, it,them,都是完整指代，即指代包含了被指对象的所有修饰成分

　　**注意仅仅是修饰词，如：

　　In Japan elderly people are treated with far greater respect than they are in most Western countries.如果前面的elderly people没有其他修饰，后面时可以用they来指代的。

　　2) one和that，those是核心词指代。

　　3) that , one , it 的区别

　　that , one , it 的区别--aeoluseros:

　　I. it/one /that三者均可用作代词, 指代前面提到的名词。一般说来, it指代同名同物; one与that则指代同名异物。

　　I have lost my umbrella; I'm looking for it. (该句中it就是指前面的my umbrella)

　　I have lost my umbrella; I think I must buy one. (one在该句中表泛指, 因为my umbrella已经丢了)

　　The umbrella you bought is cheaper than that I bought. (替代词that在该句中特指“the umbrella I bought”, 以区别“the umbrella you bought”)

　　II. one与that虽可用来指代同名异物, 但one为泛指, 相当于a/an+名词; that为特指, 相当于the +名词。所以one所指代的名词的修饰语一般为 a/an /some /any; that所指代的名词的修饰语往往是the /this /that。

　　A chair made of steel is stronger than one made of wood. (该句中one可以换成a chair)

　　The water in the cup is hotter than that in the pot. (该句中that可以换成 the water)

　　III. one只能代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用ones; that既可以代替不可数名词也可以代替可数名词单数, 代替可数名词复数时用 those。

　　I like this pen more than that one. (one代替可数名词单数pen)

　　There were a few young people and some older ones in the house. (ones代替可数名词复数people)

　　Mary's handwriting is far better than that of Peter. (that代替不可数名词 handwriting)

　　These pictures are more beautiful than those. (those代替可数名词复数 pictures)

　　IV. one既可代替事物, 也可代替人, that只能代替事物而不能代替人。有时可以用the one或the ones代替that或those。

　　The one /That on the table is mine. (该句中The one代替事物, 并且也可以用That)

　　He is the teacher, the one who is loved by the students. (该句中the one代替人, 不能用that)

　　He advised the farmers to choose the best seed-heads, the ones /those that had the best color. (该句中the ones代替事物, 并且也可以用those)

　　V. one一般有前置修饰语, 有时也可有后置修饰语或不用修饰语。而 that不能有前置修饰语, 但可有后置修饰语。

　　Cook was a strict but good captain, one who took good care of his sailors.

　　The water in the well is cleaner than that in the river.

　　VI. it可以替代句中的不定式或从句等, 充当形式主语或形式宾语。one与that均无此用法。

　　It is known to everybody that the moon travels around the earth once every month.

　　I found it hard to get on with her.

　　关于秒杀：其实本题可以秒杀，越是长句子越容易秒杀----所谓秒杀就是从某一个判题点出发瞬间排除其他所有的选项，长句子往往可以通过理解了句子的各部分含义后，重组出自认为句子重心、含义，最合理的句子，通过4-1 split得出唯一的正确选项;如本题，只要看出最合理的意思是“非常遵从过去的行为”使得“经理犯错”(行为一导致行为二)，就可以迅速建立答案倾向为E，时间不够马上选

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