GMAT语法OG2020考察新趋势：平行结构

　　时隔一年，官方又发布了新版OG (GMAT Official Guide 2020)版，GMAC更新OG的频率已经和换库的保持一致的步调了——间隔越来越短。新产品的问世往往会带来一些新的变化，其中 Sentence Correction 部分替换18题。当然，单纯题目的数量对于同学们意义不大，只不过多了几道道新题可以做，同学们更加关心的是又多出了什么新奇的考点和考法。在本个系列更新中，老师带领大家一起来看一下OG20中有哪些新奇的考法，今天我们以从 “平行结构” 为例，因为最近老师通过上课发现，很多同学对平行的理解有偏差的，而且通过最近考的精英计划的学员反馈，都有遇到平行部分的考点，可见平行是一个很重要的结构。

　　首先，老师先帮助大家回顾一下平行部分的语法点。

　　常见的平行标志词　　平行的判断:

　　平行词前后是语法功能相同的部分(前后连接的核心词词性相同, 如果词性相同都选不出选项，可以考虑共用部分相同)

　　如果同学们仍然对 “语法功能” 存在困惑，那么我们通过以下的例子来理解这个概念

　　1. The man was angry but still washed the windows.

　　(动词平行)动词不需要完全一致

　　2. It was important to leave the money in the drawer rather thanon the table.

　　(介词平行)介词不需要完全一致

　　3. Fatigued by play anddreaming of the mouse that got away，the cat slept in the sun.

　　(分词平行)分词不需要完全一致

　　4. Seldom more than 40 feet wide or 12 feet deep but running 363 miles across the rugged wilderness of upstate New York, the Erie Canal connected the Erie Canal connected the Hudson River at Albany to the Great Lake sat Buffalo

　　形容词短语和分词平行(这也能平行??对!词性相同就是可以平行)

　　5. They contended that the committee was biased and that it should be disbanded(宾语从句)

　　I want to retire to a place where I can relax and where I pay low taxes. (定语从句)

　　There are many people who speak English but whose parents do not. (定语从句)

　　(从句平行) 从句引导词可以不一致但是从句的类型需要一致

　　注意：不同时态可以平行

　　前面已经大致回顾了一下平行的内容，我们先看一下以往的平行是如何考察的：

　　1. According to some critics, watching television not only undermines one’s ability to think critically but also impairs one’s over all ability to perceive.

　　A. not only undmines one’s ability to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　B. not only undermines one’s ability of critical thinking but also impairs the

　　C. undermines not only one’s ability to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　D. undermines not only one’s ability of critical thinking but also impairs the

　　E. undermines one’s ability not only to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　读完题目以后不难发现很明显的考点词 “not only…but also”, 看到这样的信号词，同学们应该非常的兴奋，但是在兴奋之余不要忘记关注两个点：

　　1. 搭配是否对

　　2. 前后是否平行

　　好，现在我能带着这两个点分别看5个选项：

　　A. not only undminesone’s ability to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　B. not only underminesone’s ability of critical thinking but also impairsthe

　　C. undermines not only one’s ability to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　D. undermines not only one’s ability of critical thinking but also impairs the

　　E. undermines one’s ability not only to think critically but also impairs one’s

　　通过对比5个选项搭配都是正确的，其次根据平行部分，可以排除掉 CDE;

　　对比AB选项，我们可以发现亮点区别

　　1. ability 的用法

　　2. the & one’s 的表达

　　如果同学们不确定 ability 的用法完全可以根据 the & one’s 选出A来，因为 one’s ability to 和 one’s overall ability to;其次我们也是可以根据后半部分 ability to 的表达判断出来 the ability to do 才是正确的形式。

　　通过以上步骤，很容易就选出A选项了。

　　同样的：

　　2. Thomas Mann’s novel Doctor Faustus offers an examination not only of how difficult it is to reconcile reason, will, and passion together in any art form, but also a skillfully navigated exploration of the major concerns of modernism.

　　A. an examination not only of how difficult it is to reconcile reason, will, and passion together in any art form, but

　　B. an examination not only about the difficulty of reconciling reason, will, and passion in any art form, and

　　C. not only an examination of how difficult it isto reconcile reason, will, and passion in any art form, and

　　D. not only an examination about the difficulty with reconciling reason, will, and passion together in any art form, but

　　E. not only an examination of the difficulty of reconciling reason, will, and passion in any art form, but

　　答案： E

　　下面来看一下OG20中对平行又有什么样新的特点：

　　(OG2020-795)Self-compassion is made up of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions without being carried away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others, and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to solving the problem.

　　A. away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,

　　B. away, or repression of them, and common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,

　　C. away, or repressing them, common humanity, empathy with the suffering of others;

　　D. away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others;

　　E. away or repress them; common humanity, to empathize with the suffering of others

　　这道题目对平行的考察的形式明显不同于前面的两道题目，不是简单的找一下关键词就可以判断出来的。首先最重要的一点就是对句子意思的理解，根据句意可以把句子进行结构的划分如下：

　　Self-compassion is made up of mindfulness, the ability to manage thoughts and emotions without being carried away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others, and self-kindness, a recognition of your own suffering and a commitment to solving the problem.

　　所以红色的 mindfulness, common humanity 和 self-kindness 是平行关系;

　　其次，or 平行了 being carried away 和 repressing them，根据这一点剩下AC; 根据 or empathy 找不到平行的部分，以及这个部分应该是修饰 common humanity 的修饰语，可以看出D是最完美的答案

　　A. away or repressing them, common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,

　　B. away, or repression of them, and common humanity, or empathy with the suffering of others,

　　C. away, or repressing them, common humanity, empathy with the suffering of others;

　　D. away or repressing them; common humanity, an empathy with the suffering of others;

　　E. away or repress them; common humanity, to empathize with the suffering of others

　　根据这个题目可以看出现在的题目趋势，越来越注重对句子意思的理解能力，而不是单纯的简单的根据平行词就可以判断出来的，所以在接下来的复习过程中一定要注意对句子意思理解的能力。