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GMAT逻辑基础讲解之Main Point(一)

2015-02-20 14:24:00来源：网络

　　新东方在线为大家精心整理了GMAT逻辑基础讲解之Main Point的相关内容，分享给大家，供大家参考，希望对大家有所帮助!

　　Prompt for Main Point

　　• The main point of the argument above is that

　　• Which one of the following most accurately expresses the editor’s conclusion?

　　• Which of the following best summarizes the conclusion of the argument?

　　• The author hopes to prove which of the following?

　　• The argument seems to lead up to which of the following?

　　• Which of the following is the author’s main point?

　　Action Plan

　　Before looking through the answers,

　　• Ask yourself, “What is the author trying to prove?” In other words, which statement in the passage is supported by the other statements? A main point is the main conclusion of the passage. It could be at the very end of the passage, but it might show up in the middle or even at the beginning.

　　• Look for opinion indicators (some teachers think that . . .). Opposing viewpoints usually come right before the author’s main conclusion, which usually starts with but, yet, or however. “Many people think that Tsinghua graduates are sensitive to political issues. But that is not the case because . . .” Here, the author first introduces an opinion of “many people”, then uses the word but to stop telling what others think and start telling what the author thinks. Pay attention to the contrast between two different schools of thoughts or opinions. The following are common structures for arguments:

　　- Opinion. However, conclusion. Premise.

　　-Opinion. Although concession, conclusion. Premise.

　　• Look for premise indicator (because, since, for, due to) to help you find premises and then the main conclusion. Although conclusion indicators (therefore, thus, hence, accordingly) can help you find conclusions, in main point questions, these indicators usually introduce intermediate conclusions to trap you. Otherwise, the question would be too easy to solve. Keep in mind, an intermediate conclusion act as both a premise for the main conclusion and a conclusion for another premise in the same argument.

　　• Refrain from classifying a sentence as a conclusion merely because it appears to be a declarative sentence. “You need to sleep more” and other declarations are not necessarily conclusions; they could be premises: “I would limit your TV time because you need to sleep more.” No statement is inherently a conclusion or a premise; it could be either or neither. What role it plays in the argument simply depends on what the author tries to prove and how he or she does that.

　　Then look for the answer choice which most accurately restates the main conclusion you found in the passage. Possible wrong answers include 1) restating a premise; 2) listing an intermediate conclusion; 3) giving you something, which with a NEW assumption, could be inferred from the passage (the cardinal sin for Must-be-true type questions).

　　The following are some questions for you to practice what you just learned:

　　1) As one who has always believed that truth is our nation’s surest weapon in the propaganda war against our foes, I am distressed by reports of “disinformation” campaigns by American intelligence agents in Western Europe. In a disinformation campaign, untruths are disseminated through gullible local journalists in order to damage the interests of our enemies and protect our own. Those who defend this practice say that lying is necessary to counter Soviet disinformation campaigns aimed at damaging America’s political interests. These apologists contend that one must fight fire with fire. I would point out to the apologists that the fire department finds water more effective.

　　The author’s main point is that

　　(A) Although disinformation campaigns may be effective, they are unacceptable on ethical grounds

　　(B) America’s moral standing in the world depends on its adherence to the truth

　　(C) The temporary political gains produced by disinformation campaigns generally give way to long-term losses

　　(D) Soviet disinformation campaigns have done little to damage America’s standing in Europe

　　(E) Disinformation campaigns do not effectively serve the political interests of the United States

　　以上就是新东方在线为大家总结的2015年GMAT逻辑基础讲解之Main Point的相关内容，希望对大家有所帮助，最后预祝大家在GMAT考试中取得优异的成绩!

　　---本文节选自新东方在线论坛


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