GMAT考试逻辑考试90题

　　11. The average cable television company offers its customers 50 channels， but new fiber-optic lines will enable telephone companies to provide 100 to 150 television channels to their customers for the same price as cable companies charge for 50. Therefore， cable companies will be displaced by the new companies within a few years.

　　Which of the following， if true， most helps to strengthen the argument

　　The initial cost per household of installing new fiber-optic television service will exceed the current cost of installing cable television service.

　　The most popular movies and programs on channels carried by cable companies will also be offered on channels carried by the fiber-optic lines owned by the telephone companies.

　　Cable television companies will respond to competition from the telephone companies by increasing the number of channels they offer.

　　Some telephone companies own cable companies in areas other than those in which they provide telephone services.

　　The new fiber-optic services offered by telephone companies will be subject to more stringent governmental programming regulations than those to which cable companies are now subject.

　　12. The only physical factor preventing a human journey to Mars has been weight. Carrying enough fuel to propel a conventional spacecraft to Mars and back would make even the lightest craft too heavy to be launched from Earth. A device has recently been invented， however， that allows an otherwise conventional spacecraft to refill the craft’s fuel tanks with fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere for the return trip. Therefore， it is possible for people to go to Mars in a spacecraft that carries this device and then return.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends

　　The amount of fuel needed for a spacecraft to return from Mars is the same as the amount of fuel needed to travel from Earth to Mars.

　　The fuel manufactured from the Martian atmosphere would not differ in composition from the fuel used to travel to Mars.

　　The device for manufacturing fuel from the Martian atmosphere would not take up any of the spaceship crew’s living space.

　　A conventional spacecraft equipped with the device would not be appreciably more expensive to construct than current spacecraft typically are.

　　The device for manufacturing fuel for the return to Earth weighs less than the tanks of fuel that a conventional spacecraft would otherwise need to carry from Earth for the return trip.

　　13. In 1712 the government of Country Y appointed a censor to prohibit the publication of any book critical of Country Y’s government; all new books legally published in the country after 1712 were approved by a censor. Under the first censor， one half of the book manus submitted to the censor were not approved for publication. Under the next censor， only one quarter of the book manus submitted were not approved， but the number of book manus that were approved was the same under both censors. If the statements in the passage are true， which one of the following can be properly concluded from them

　　More books critical of Country Y’s governments were published before the appointment of the first censor than after it.

　　The first censor and the second censor prohibited the publication of the same number of book manus.

　　More book manus were submitted for approval to the first censor than to the second.

　　The second censor allowed some book manus to the published that the first censor would have considered critical of Country Y’s government.

　　The number of writers who wrote unpublished manus was greater under the first censor than under the second.

　　14. If the government increases its funding for civilian scientific research， private patrons and industries will believe that such research has become primarily the government’s responsibility. When they believe that research is no longer primarily their responsibility， private patrons and industries will decrease their contributions toward research. Therefore， in order to keep from depressing the overall level of funding for civilian scientific research， the government should not increase its own funding.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument relies

　　Governments should bear the majority of the financial burden of funding for civilian scientific research.

　　Any increase in government funding would displace more private funding for civilian scientific research than it would provide.

　　Private donations toward research are no longer welcomed by researchers whose work receives government funding.

　　Civilian scientific research cannot be conducted efficiently with more than one source of funding.

　　funding for civilian scientific research is currently at the highest possible level.

　　15. Dental researcher： Filling a cavity in a tooth is not a harmless procedure： it inevitably damages some of the healthy parts of the tooth. Cavities are harmful only if the decay reaches the nerves inside the tooth， and many cavities， if left untreated， never progress to that point. Therefore， dentists should not fill a cavity unless the nerves inside the tooth are in imminent danger from that cavity.

　　Which one of the following principles， if valid， most strongly supports the researcher’s reasoning

　　Dentists should perFORM any procedure that is likely to be beneficial in the long term， but only if the procedure does not cause immediate damage.

　　Dentists should help their patients to prevent cavities rather than waiting until cavities are present to begin treatment.

　　A condition that is only potentially harmful should not be treated using a method that is definitely harmful.

　　A condition that is typically progressive should not be treated using methods that provide only temporary relief.

　　A condition that is potentially harmful should not be left untreated unless it can be kept under constant surveillance.

　　16. The axis of Earth’s daily rotation is tilted with respect to the plane of its orbit at an angle of roughly 23 degrees. That angle can be kept fairly stable only by the gravitational influence of Earth’s large， nearby Moon. Without such a stable and moderate axis tilt， a planet’s climate is too extreme and unstable to support life. Mars， for example， has only very small moons， tilts at wildly fluctuating angles， and cannot support life.

　　If the statements above are true， which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them

　　If Mars had a sufficiently large nearby moon， Mars would be able to support life.

　　If Earth’s Moon were to leave Earth’s orbit， Earth’s climate would be unable to support life.

　　Any planet with a stable， moderate axis tilt can support life.

　　Gravitational influences other than moons have little or no effect on the magnitude of the tilt angle of either Earth’s or Mars’s axis.

　　No planet that has more than one moon can support life

　　17. Psychologist： Some astrologers claim that our horoscopes completely determine our personalities， but this claim is false， I concede that identical twins——who are， of course， born at practically the same time——often do have similar personalities. However， birth records were examined to find two individuals who were born 40 years ago on the same day and at exactly the same time——one in a hospital in Toronto and one in a hospital in New York. Personalities of these two individuals are in fact different.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption on which the psychologist’s argument depends

　　Astrologers have not subjected their claims to rigorous experimentation.

　　The personality differences between the two individuals cannot be explained by the cultural difference between Toronto and New York.

　　The geographical difference between Toronto and New York did not result in the two individuals having different horoscopes.

　　Complete birth records for the past 40 years were kept at both hospitals.

　　Identical twins have identical genetic structures and usually have similar home environments.

　　18. Modern navigation systems， which are found in most of today’s commercial aircraft， are made with low-power circuitry， which is more susceptible to interference than the vacuum-tube circuitry found in older planes. During landing， navigation systems receive radio signals from the airport to guide the plane to the runway. Recently， one plane with low-power circuitry veered off course during landing， its dials dimming， when a passenger turned on a laptop computer. Clearly， modern aircraft navigation systems are being put at risk by the electronic devices that passengers carry on board， such as cassette players and laptop computers.

　　Which one of the following， if true， LEAST strengthens the argument above

　　After the laptop computer was turned off， the plane regained course and its navigation instruments and dials returned to normal.

　　When in use all electronic devices emit electromagnetic radiation， which is known to interfere with circuitry.

　　No problems with navigational equipment or instrument dials have been reported on flights with no passenger-owned electronic devices on board.

　　Significant electromagnetic radiation from portable electronic devices can travel up to eight meters， and some passenger seats on modern aircraft are located within four meters of the navigation systems.

　　Planes were first equipped with low-power circuitry at about the same time portable electronic devices became popular.

　　Jane： Television programs and movies that depict violence among teenagers are extremely popular. Given how influential these media are， we have good reason to believe that these depictions cause young people to engage in violent behavior. Hence， depictions of violence among teenagers should be prohibited from movies and television programs， if only in those programs and movies promoted to young audiences.

　　Maurice： But you are recommending nothing short of censorship! Besides which， your claim that television and movie depictions of violence cause violence is mistaken： violence among young people predates movies and television by centuries.

　　19. Which one of the following， if true， most strengthens Jane’s argument

　　The most violent characters depicted in movies and on television programs are adult characters who are portrayed by adult actors.

　　The movies that have been shown to have the most influence on young people’s behavior are those that are promoted to young audiences.

　　The people who make the most profits in the movie and television industry are those who can successfully promote their work to both young and old audiences.

　　Many adolescents who engage in violent behavior had already displayed such behavior before they were exposed violence in movies.

　　Among the producers who make both movies and television programs， many voluntarily restrict the subject matter of films directed toward young audiences.

　　20. A rise in the percentage of all 18-year-olds who were recruited by the armed services of a small republic between 1980 and 1986 correlates with a rise in the percentage of young people who dropped out of high school in that republic. Since 18-year-olds in the republic are generally either high school graduates or high school dropouts， the correlation leads to the conclusion that the republic’s recruitment rates for 18-year-olds depend substantially on recruitment rates for high school dropouts.

　　Which one of the following statements， if true， most weakens the argument

　　A large number of 18-year-old high school graduates were recruited for the republic’s armed services in 1986 than in 1980.

　　Many of the high-technology systems used by the republic’s armed services can be operated only by individuals who have completed a high school education.

　　Between 1980 and 1986 the percentage of high school graduates among 18-year-olds recruited in the republic rose sharply.

　　Personnel of the republic’s armed services are strongly encouraged to finish their high school education.

　　The proportion of recruits who had completed at least two years of college education was greater in 1986 than in 1980.

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