GMAT考试逻辑考试90题

　　71. More than a year ago， the city announced that police would crack down on illegally parked cars and that resources would be diverted from writing speeding tickets to ticketing illegally parked cars. But no crackdown has taken place. The police chief claims that resources have had to be diverted from writing speeding tickets to combating the city’s staggering drug problem. Yet the police are still writing as many speeding tickets as ever. Therefore， the excuse about resources being tied up in fighting drug-related crime simply is not true.

　　The conclusion in the passage depends on the assumption that

　　ever member of the police force is qualified to work on combating the city’s drug problem

　　drug-related crime is not as serious a problem for the city as the police chief claims it is

　　writing speeding tickets should be as important a priority for the city as combating drug-related crime

　　the police could be cracking down on illegally parked cars and combating the drug problem without having to reduce writing speeding tickets

　　the police cannot continue writing as many speeding tickets as ever while diverting resources to combating drug-related crime

　　72. A gas tax of one cent per gallon would raise one billion dollars per year at current consumption rates. Since a tax of fifty cents per gallon would therefore raise fifty billion dollars per year， it seems a perfect way to deal with the federal budget deficit. This tax would have the additional advantage that the resulting drop in the demand for gasoline would be ecologically sound and would keep our county from being too dependent on foreign oil producers.

　　Which one of the following most clearly identifies an error in the author’s reasoning

　　The author cites irrelevant data.

　　The author relies on incorrect current consumption figures.

　　The author makes incompatible assumptions.

　　The author mistakes an effect for a cause.

　　The author appeals to conscience rather than reason.

　　73. There is no reason why the work of scientists has to be officially confirmed before being published. There is a system in place for the confirmation or disconfirmation of scientific findings， namely， the replication of results by other scientists. Poor scientific work on the part of any one scientists， which can include anything from careless reporting practices to fraud， is not harmful. It will be exposed and rendered harmless when other scientists conduct experiments and obtain disconfirmatory results.

　　Which one of the following， if true， would weaken the argument

　　Scientific experiments can go unchallenged for many years before they are replicated.

　　Most scientists work in universities， where their work is submitted to peer review before publication.

　　Most scientists are under pressure to make their work accessible to the scrutiny of replication.

　　In scientific experiments， careless reporting is more common than fraud.

　　Most scientists work as part of a team rather than alone.

　　74. Governments have only one response to public criticism of socially necessary services： regulation of the activity of providing those services. But governments inevitably make the activity more expensive by regulating it， and that is particularly troublesome in these times of strained financial resources. However， since public criticism of childcare services has undermined all confidence in such services， and since such services are socially necessary， the government is certain to respond.

　　Which one of the following statements can be inferred from the passage

　　The quality of child-care will improve.

　　The cost of providing child-care services will increase.

　　The government will use funding to foster advances in child-care.

　　If public criticism of policy is strongly voiced， the government is certain to respond.

　　If child-care services are not regulated， the cost of providing childcare will not increase.

　　75. Advertisers are often criticized for their unscrupulous manipulation of people’s tastes and wants. There is evidence， however， that some advertisers are motivated by moral as well as financial considerations. A particular publication decided to change its image from being a family newspaper to concentrating one sex and violence， thus appealing to a different readership. Some advertisers withdrew their advertisements from the publication， and this must have been because they morally disapproved of publishing salacious material.

　　Which one of the following， if true， would most strengthen the argument

　　The advertisers switched their advertisements to other family newspapers.

　　Some advertisers switched from family newspapers to advertise in the changed publication.

　　The advertisers expected their product sales to increase if they stayed with the changed publication， but to decrease if they withdrew.

　　People who generally read family newspapers are not likely to buy newspapers that concentrate on sex and violence.

　　It was expected that the changed publication would appeal principally to those in a different income group.

　　76. Learning how to build a nest plays an important part in the breeding success of birds. For example， Dr. Snow has recorded the success of a number of blackbirds in several successive years. He finds that birds nesting for the first time are less successful in breeding than are older birds， and also less successful than they themselves are a year later. This cannot be a mere matter of size and strength， since blackbirds， like the great majority of birds， are fully grown when they leave the nest. It is difficult to avoid the conclusion that they benefit by their nesting experience.

　　Which one of the following， if true， would most weaken the argument

　　Blackbirds build better nests than other birds.

　　The capacity of blackbirds to lay viable eggs increase with each successive trial during the first few years of reproduction.

　　The breeding success of birds nesting for the second time is greater than that of birds nesting for the first time.

　　Smaller and weaker blackbirds breed just as successfully as bigger and stronger blackbirds.

　　Up to 25 percent of all birds are killed by predators before they start to nest.

　　77. How do the airlines expect to prevent commercial plane crashes? Studies have shown that pilot error contributes to two-thirds of all such crashes. To address this problem， the airline have upgraded their training programs by increasing the hours of classroom instruction and emphasizing communication skills in the cockpit. But it is unrealistic to expect such measures to compensate for pilots’ lack of actual flying time. Therefore， the airlines should rethink their training approach to reducing commercial crashes.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption upon which the argument depends

　　Training programs can eliminate pilot errors.

　　Commercial pilot routinely undergo additional training throughout their careers.

　　The number of airline crashes will decrease if pilot training programs focus on increasing actual flying time.

　　Lack of actual flying time is an important contributor to pilot error in commercial plane crashes.

　　Communication skills are not important to pilot training programs.

　　Questions 78-79

　　Despite improvements in treatment for asthma， the death rate from this disease has doubled during the past decade from its previous rate. Two possible explanations for this increase have been offered. First， the recording of deaths due to asthma has become more widespread and accurate in the past decade than it had been previously. Second， there has been an increase in urban pollution. However， since the rate of deaths due to asthma has increased dramatically even in cities with long-standing， comprehensive medical records and with little or no urban pollution， one must instead conclude that the cause of increased deaths is the use of bronchial inhalers by asthma sufferers to relieve their symptoms.

　　78. Each of the following， if true， provides support to the argument EXCEPT：

　　Urban populations have doubled in the past decade.

　　Records of asthma deaths are as accurate for the past twenty years as for the past ten years.

　　Evidence suggests that inhalers make the lungs more sensitive to irritation by airborne pollen.

　　By temporarily relieving the symptoms of asthma， inhalers encourage sufferers to avoid more beneficial measures.

　　Ten years ago bronchial inhalers were not available as an asthma treatment.

　　79. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the argument depends

　　Urban pollution has not doubled in the past decade.

　　Doctors and patients generally ignore the role of allergies in asthma.

　　Bronchial inhalers are unsafe， even when used according to the recommended instructions.

　　The use of bronchial inhalers aggravates other diseases that frequently occur among asthma sufferers and that often lead to fatal outcomes even when the asthma itself does not.

　　Increased urban pollution， improved recording of asthma deaths， and the used of asthma deaths， and the use of bronchial inhalers are the only possible explanations of the increased death rate due to asthma.

　　80. Advertisement： Clark brand-name parts are made for cars manufactured in this country. They satisfy all of our government automotive tests-the toughest such tests in the world. With foreign-made parts， you never know which might be reliable and which are cheap look-alikes that are poorly constructed and liable to cost you hundreds of dollars in repairs. Therefore， be smart and insist on brand-name parts by Clark for your car.

　　The argument requires the assumption that

　　Clark parts are available only in this country

　　foreign-made arts are not suitable for cars manufactured in this country

　　no foreign-made parts satisfy our government standards

　　parts that satisfy or government standards are not as poorly constructed as cheap foreign made parts

　　if parts are made for cars manufactured in our country， they are not poorly constructed

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