GMAT考试逻辑考试90题

　　61. Investigators concluded that human failure was not responsible for the fatal airplane crash last August， and since that time new and more stringent rules for identifying and reporting mechanical problems have been in effect. That accounts for the fact that reports of airplane mechanical problems have increased in frequency by 50 percent since last August.

　　Which one of the following is an assumption underlying the argument in the passage

　　Airplane travel is still relatively safe， despite the increase in reported mechanical problems.

　　Mechanical problems in airplanes have increased dramatically since last August.

　　Mechanical problems in airplanes have not increased by 50 percent since last August.

　　Airlines are less reluctant to report mechanical problems than they previously were.

　　Mechanical problems in airplanes have become easier to detect since last August.

　　62. Brushing your teeth regularly no matter which toothpaste you use， will reduce your chances of tooth decay. Scientists have concluded that， when you brush， you reduce tooth decay by removing the film of plaque that FORMs on teeth and gums. So， you can forget about fluorides： brush your teeth carefully and say goodbye to cavities.

　　Which one of the following is a criticism of the reasoning in the argument

　　Brushing with fluoride toothpaste has been shown to reduce tooth decay.

　　The fact that brushing will reduce tooth decay does not show that fluorides are of no value.

　　Few people adequately remove plaque by brushing.

　　People have plaque on their teeth most of the time.

　　Scientists have been wrong about fluorides.

　　63. Some good cooks are gourmet cooks who pride themselves on always using extravagantly rich ingredients in elaborate recipes. Some good cooks can be characterized as fast-food cooks. They may use rich ingredients as long as the recipes are easy to follow and take little time. Other good cooks are health food enthusiasts， who are concerned primarily with the nutritional value of food. But even though not all good cooks are big eaters， they all enjoy preparing and serving food.

　　If the inFORMation in the passage is true， which one of the following CANNOT be true

　　Most good cooks do not use extravagantly rich ingredients.

　　Everyone who enjoys preparing and serving food is a good cook.

　　More good cooks who use extravagantly rich ingredients are big eaters than are good cooks who do not use such ingredients.

　　There are fewer good cooks who enjoy serving and preparing food than there are good cooks who are big eaters.

　　Gourmet cooks， fast-food cooks， and cooks who are health food enthusiasts are all big eaters

　　Questions 64-65

　　If the city council institutes new parking regulations， city revenues will surely increase， since studies have conclusively shown that， if such parking regulations are put into effect， there is an increase in parking violations， and an increase in parking violations will result in a greater number of parking fines collected.

　　64. If the statements in the passage are true， which one of the following must also be true

　　Unless there is an increase in the number of parking violations in the city， city revenues will not increase.

　　If the city council institutes new parking regulations， the council will fall from favor with the citizens.

　　The city council will institute new parking regulations only if an increase in city revenues can be expected to result.

　　If the city council’s new regulations cause more parking violators to be ticketed， the city revenues will increase.

　　Unless the city institutes a complex system of parking regulations， the city cannot expect traffic violations to increase.

　　65. According to advertisements， the higher a suntan lotion’s sun protection factor， or SPE， the more protection from sunburn. In order for a suntan lotion to work， however， one has to remember to put it on before going in the sun， put on an adequate amount to cover the skin， and reapply it as needed. Therefore， it really does not matter what SPE a suntan lotion has.

　　Which one of the following best identifies the error in reasoning made in the passage

　　It is unreasonable to assume that the only purpose of a suntan lotion is to provide protection from sunburn.

　　Because some people get sunburned more easily than other， the fact that there are different SPEs cannot be ignored.

　　It cannot be concluded that the SPEs is not important just because there are requirements for the application of the suntan lotion.

　　It is unreasonable to assume that all suntan lotions required the same application procedures in order to work effectively.

　　There is no reason to assume that manufacturers are unaware that people sometimes forget to apply suntan lotion before going in the sun.

　　66. A recent survey showed that many workers in a certain company are dissatisfied with their jobs. The survey also showed that most of the dissatisfied workers believe that they have little control over their job assignments. Therefore， to increase workers’ job satisfaction the company’s management need only concentrated on changing workers’ beliefs regarding the degree of control they have over their job assignment.

　　Which one of the following， if also shown by the survey， would most seriously call into question the conclusion made by the author of the passage

　　The dissatisfied workers feel that their wages are too low and working conditions are unsatisfactory.

　　The number of workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs is greater than the number of workers who are dissatisfied.

　　The workers in the company are more dissatisfied than workers in other companies.

　　Most people in company management believe that the workers already have too much control over their work.

　　The workers in the company who are satisfied with their jobs believe that they have a lot of control over their job assignments.

　　67. It has always been difficult to understand the basis of politics in the People’s Republic of China. Because the system is effectively closed， it is impossible to know with any degree of confidence who is allied with whom and for what reasons. Yet Chinese politics does exhibit many of the external characteristics of factional political systems， as found in more open societies. It is legitimate to conclude， therefore， that China has a factional political system.

　　Which one of the following， if true， would confirm the author’s conclusion that China has a factional political system

　　All open political systems are factional political systems.

　　All factional political systems are closed political systems.

　　All closed political systems are factional political systems.

　　China’s political system is more open than many existing factional political systems.

　　China’s political system is more closed than all existing factional political systems.

　　68. Since no one returns from death， we can never be certain about what passes through the mind of the dying person. For the unconscious， the confused， and the heavily sedated， these final moments are probably meaningless. However， for the mentally alert， it is quite possible that death presents itself as an unbelievably glorious experience， a flight into an entirely new universe of sensation. Why should we think so? Some people who have been reprieved from “certain“ death at the last moment have experienced what goes through the consciousness of those who are not so fortunate. For example， parachutists who have survived falls report experiences that resemble psychedelic “trips“.

　　The primary point of the argument in the passage is

　　no one returns from death

　　dying can be a glorious experience

　　we can never know what passes through the mind of a dying person

　　some people are reprieved from death at the last moment

　　some people “die“， yet live to report their experiences

　　69. History textbooks frequently need to be revised. The reasons for this are clear： new discoveries of documents and remains， the discovery of mistaken inferences in prior histories， the discovery of previously unnoticed relationships among data， and the application of hitherto undiscovered principles of natural science all may indicate inadequacies in current history texts. Any of these considerations may require that the past be reinterpreted in a manner that is new and more illuminating.

　　Which one of the following can be inferred from the argument in the passage

　　The interpretation of historical events is affected by natural science.

　　The past is constantly renewed because of illuminating reinterpretations.

　　History books are outdated as soon as they are written.

　　Natural scientists also lt;Igt;functionlt;/Igt; as historians.

　　Historians’ mistaken inferences are caused by unnoticed relationships among data.

　　70. A low-pressure weather system is approaching Plainville; rainfall results from about 70 percent of such systems in the Plainville area. Moreover， the current season， spring， is the time of year in which thundershowers， which sometimes result from low-pressure systems， are most likely to occur in Plainville.

　　Knowing which one of the following， in addition to the inFORMation above， would be most useful for determine the probability that Plainville will have a thundershower soon

　　the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that occur in the spring

　　the percentage of spring rainfalls in Plainville that are thundershowers

　　the percentage of thundershowers in Plainville that result from low-pressure systems

　　whether low-pressure systems in other areas are associated with rainfall

　　whether Plainville has more or fewer thundershowers each spring than do near by towns

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