GMAT考试逻辑考试90题

　　31. An assumption made in the explanation offered by the author of the passage is that

　　most television viewers cannot agree on which elements of a particular opinion or analysis are most disturbing.

　　there are television viewers who might refuse to watch television talk shows that they knew would be controversial and disturbing.

　　each television viewer holds some opinion that is outside the political mainstream， but those opinions are not the same for everyone.

　　there are television shows on which economic forces have an even greater impact than they do on television talk shows.

　　the television talk shows of different stations resemble one another in most respects.

　　32. The explanation offered by the author of the passage makes the assumption that

　　television station executives usually lack a political agenda of their own

　　bland and innocuous political opinions and analyses are generally in the mainstream

　　political analysts outside the mainstream are relatively indifferent to the effect their analyses have on television viewers

　　most television viewers are prepared to argue against allowing the expression of political opinions and analyses with which they disagree

　　the political opinions of television station executives are not often reflected in the television shows their stations produce

　　Questions 33-34

　　Conservationist： The population of a certain wildflower is so small that the species is headed for extinction. However， this wildflower can cross-pollinate with a closely related domesticated daisy， producing viable seeds. Such cross-pollination could result in a significant population of wildflower-daisy hybrids. The daisy should therefore be introduced into the wildflower’s range， since although the hybrid would differ markedly from the wildflower， hybridization is the only means of preventing total loss of the wildflower in its range.

　　33. Which one of the following principles， if valid， most helps to justify the conservationist’s reasoning

　　It is better to take measures to preserve a valued type of organism， even if those measures are drastic， than to accept a less valuable substitute for the organism.

　　It is better to preserve a type of organism that is in danger of extinction， even if surviving organisms of that type are not vigorous， than to allow something more vigorous to replace it.

　　It is better to change a type of organism that would otherwise be lost， even if the changes are radical， than to lose it entirely.

　　It is better to destroy one of two competing types of organisms， even if both are irreplaceable， than to allow both of them to be lost.

　　It is better to protect an endangered type of organism， even if doing so has some negative effects on another type of organism， than to do nothing at all.

　　34. Which one of the following is an assumption on which the conservationist’s reasoning depends

　　The wildflower currently reproduces only by FORMing seeds.

　　The domesticated daisy was bred from wild plants that once grew in the wildflower’s range.

　　Increasing the population of the wildflower will also expand its range.

　　Wildflower-daisy hybrids will be able to reproduce.

　　The domesticated daisy will cross-pollinate with any daisy like plant.

　　35. Because of increases in the price of oil and because of government policies promoting energy conservation， the use of oil to heat homes fell by 40 percent from 1970 to the present， and many homeowners switched to natural gas for heating. Because switching to natural gas involved investing in equipment， a significant switch back to oil in the near future is unlikely.

　　The prediction that ends the passage would be most seriously called into question if it were true that in the last few years.

　　the price of natural gas to heat homes has remained constant， while the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply.

　　the price of home heating oil has remained constant， while the cost of equipment to heat home with natural gas has risen sharply.

　　the cost of equipment to heat homes with natural gas has fallen sharply， while the price of home heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels.

　　the cost of equipment to heat homes with oil has fallen sharply， while the price of heating with oil has fallen below the price of heating with natural gas

　　the use of oil to heat homes has continued to decline， while the price of heating oil has fallen to 1970 levels

　　36. Sometimes when their trainer gives the hand signal for “Do something creative together“ two dolphins circle a pool in tandem and then leap through the air simultaneously. On the other occasions， the same signal elicits synchronized backward swims or tail-waving. These behaviors are not simply learned responses to a given stimulus. Rather， dolphins are capable of higher cognitive lt;Igt;functionlt;/Igt;s that may include the use of language and forethought.

　　Which one of the following， if true， most strengthens the argument

　　Mammals have some resemblance to one another with respect to bodily lt;Igt;functionlt;/Igt; and brain structure.

　　The dolphins often exhibit complex new responses to the hand signal.

　　the dolphins are given food incentives as part of their training.

　　Dolphins do not interact with humans the way they interact with one another.

　　Some of the behaviors mentioned are exhibited by dolphins in their natural habitat

　　37. Editorialist： Drivers with a large number of demerit points who additionally have been convicted of a serious driving-relative offense should either be sentenced to jail or be forced to receive driver reeducation， since to do otherwise would be to allow a crime to go unpunished. Only if such drivers are likely to be made more responsible drivers should driver re-education be recommended for them. Unfortunately， it is always almost impossible to make drivers with a large number of demerit points more responsible drivers.

　　If the editorialist’s statements are true， they provide the most support for which one of the following

　　Drivers with a large number of demerit points who have been convicted of a serious driving-related offense should be sent to jail.

　　Driver re-education offers the best chance of making drivers with a large number of demerit points responsible drivers.

　　Driver re-education is not a harsh enough punishment for anyone convicted of a serious driving-related offense who has also

　　Driver re-education should not be recommended for those who have committed no serious

　　Drivers with a larger number of demerit points but no conviction for a serious driving-related offense should receive driver re-education rather than jail

　　38. Amphibian populations are declining in numbers worldwide. Not coincidentally， the earth’s ozone layer has been continuously depleted throughout the last 50 years. Atmospheric ozone blocks UV-B， a type of ultraviolet radiation that is continuously produced by the sun， and which can damage genes. Because amphibians lack hair， hide， or feathers to shield them， they are particularly vulnerable to UV-B radiation. In addition， their gelatinous eggs lack the protection of leathery or hard shells. Thus， the primary cause of the declining amphibian population is the depletion of the ozone layer.

　　Each of the following， if true， would strengthen the argument EXCEPT：

　　Of the lt;Igt;varlt;/Igt;ious types of radiation blocked by atmospheric ozone， UV-B is the only type that can damage genes.

　　Amphibian populations are declining far more rapidly than are the populations of nonamphibian species whose tissues and eggs have more natural protection from UV-B.

　　Atmospheric ozone has been significantly depleted above all the areas of the world in which amphibian populations are declining.

　　The natural habitat of amphibians has not become smaller over the past century.

　　Amphibian populations have declined continuously for the last 50 years.

　　39. Quasars——celestial objects so far away that their light takes at least 500 million years to reach Earth——have been seen since 1963. For anything that far away to appear from Earth the way quasars do， it would have to burn steadily at a rate that produces more light than 90 billion suns would produce. But nothing that burns at a rate that produces that much light could exist for more than about 100 million years.

　　If the statements above are true， which one of the following must also be true on the basis of them

　　Instruments in use before 1963 were not sensitive enough to permit quasars to be seen.

　　Light from quasars first began reaching Earth in 1963.

　　Anything that from Earth appears as bright as a quasar does must produce more light than would be produced by 90 billion suns.

　　Nothing that is as far from Earth as quasars are can continue to exist for more than about 100 million years.

　　No quasar that has ever been seen from Earth exists any longer.

　　40. More and more computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are being produced， and it is thus increasingly unnecessary for practicing engineers to have thorough understanding of fundamental mathematical principles. Consequently， in training engineers who will work in industry， less emphasis should be placed on mathematical principles， so that space in the engineering curriculum will be available for other important subjects.

　　Which one of the following， if true， most seriously weakens the argument given for the recommendation above

　　The effective use of computer program that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering requires an understanding of mathematical principles.

　　Many of the computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering are already in routine use.

　　Development of composites and other such new materials has meant that the curriculum for engineers who will work in industry must allow time for teaching the properties of these materials.

　　Most of the computer programs that provide solutions to mathematical problems in engineering can be run on the types of computers available to most engineering firms.

　　The engineering curriculum already requires that engineering students be familiar with and able to use a lt;Igt;varlt;/Igt;iety of computer programs.

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